PROPOSED SYLLABUS FOR POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATION (PGDCA)

 PGDCA  01  Computer Fundamentals

Block 1 : Hardware Concepts :  Introduction – Meaning of Computer – Generation of Computers – Data Representation : Number systems – Decimal representation – Alphanumeric – Computational data – Fixed point – Decimal fixed point – Floating point – Codes Error detection and correction – Instruction execution – Digital logic circuits : Objectives – Logic gates – Boolean algebra – Elements of Combinational circuits – Elements of  Sequential circuits – Interconnection structures – Memory organization : ROM/RAM – Secondary memory – High speed memory – I/O organization : I/O peripherals – I/O techniques – I/O processes – External Interface.

Block 2 : CPU Organization : Basic structure of CPU – An advanced structure – Register organization  - Micro-Operations : Register transfer, Arithmetic, Logic, Shift operations – Execution of Micro-operation – ALU and Control Unit : ALU Organization – Control Unit Organization – Register Organisation and Micro-Operations - Microprogrammed Control Unit : Meaning of Micro-programmed control unit – Microinstruction : Types – Formats – Simple structure of Control unit – Functions of Control Unit.

Block 3 : Microprocessor and Assembly Language Program : Microprocessor Architecture : Components of Microcomputer – CPU components – CPU registers – Instruction set – Characteristics of Instruction set – Addressing modes : Immediate, Direct, Indirect, Register, Register Indirect, Displacement, Stack Addressing schemes – Instruction Format Design – Fundamentals of Motorola 68000 Microprocessor – Introduction to Assembly Language : Fundamentals – Program development tools – Example  - Interfacing Assembly program to HLL Program.

Block 4 : Parallel Organization and RISC : Introduction – Need  of Multiprocessor – Characteristics – Interconnection structures – Interprocessor arbitration – Interprocessor communication – Cache coherance – Pipeline vector processing : Objectives – Method of Pipelining – Method of vector processing – Array processors – Parallel Algorithm : Data flow architecture – Parallel algorithms – RISC Objectives – CISC  Objectives – RISC architecture – RISC pipelining – Performance analysis – Comparison of various RISC architectures.

Reference Books

1.      Computer System Architecture by Mano M. Morris, PHI

2.      Microprocessors and Interfacing – Programming and Hardware by Douglas V. Hall, McGraw Hill.

3.      Computer Organization and Architecture by Stallings, William, Macmillan Int. Edn.

PGDCA  02   Data Structures through C 

Block 1 : C Programming Language Fundamentals: Introduction – C Programming language – Structure of a C program – Preprocessor Directives – main() function – Data Types – Constants, Variables – Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment, Decrement, Bitwise, Miscellaneous operators - Input and Output functions – C programming IDE – Compiling and Running a simple program – C library functions through header files – Control Structures – if, switch, goto, for, while, do loops – Pointers  

Block 2 : Structured Programming with C : Arrays – Single and Multi-Dimensional arrays – Character arrays – Structures – Unions – Bit fields – Storage Classes: auto, register, extern – Functions – Definition – Declaration – Call by Value – Call by Reference – Passing arrays – Passing a function to function – Pointer to function – Files: Text, binary files – Random access in files

 Block 3 : Data Structures in C : Stack, Queue structures Defined – Implementation of stack and queue structures using array in C  – Linked List : Singly, Two-way, Circular list – Implementation of linked list structure in C – Graphs – Adjacency matrix – Implementation of a directed graph in C – Graph Traversals: Depth First Search – Breadth First Search.

 Block 4 : Tree, Searching and Sorting : Trees – Binary Tree – Representation of Binary tree in memory – Tree Traversals : Preorder – Postorder – Inorder - AVL-Trees and B-Tree – Implementation of trees in C – Searching and Sorting Techniques: Linear and Binary search – Sorting Techniques: Selection, Insertion, Quick, Heap and Two-way merge sort techniques implemented in C – File Organizations: Sequential, Indexed Sequential and direct organizations.

 Reference Books :

 1. Data Structures Using C

    Yedidyah Langsam,Moshe J.Augenstein,Aaron M.Tenenbaum, PHI

 2. Data Structures, Dale and Lilly.

 PGDCA 03   Elements of  Systems  Analysis and Design

 Block 1 : Introduction – Definition of a System – Characteristics of a system – Elements of Systems Analysis – System development life cycle – Software crisis – Role of Systems Analyst – Project Selection : Project request – Managing Project selection – Preliminary investigation – Problem classification and definition – Feasibility study : Types of feasibility – Investigative study – Cost Benefit Analysis – Fact finding techniques – DFD – Data Dictionaries – HIPO – Decision tables and Decision Trees – Warnier Orr Diagrams.

 Block 2 :  Structured System Design : Introduction – Design Methodologies – Structured Design – Modularization – Design process – Systems Specifications – Prototype design – Input design and control : Elements of Input data – Processing transaction data – Design guidelines – Input verifications and control – Layout of Terminal screen – Output System design – Output devices – Types of Output – Designing screen output/report – Form design –  File and Database design – Types of file – File Organisation – File design – Database Design – Coding system – Types of Code.

 Block 3 : System Development : Task of System development – Selection of Hardware and Software – Benchmark testing – Software selection criteria – Quality Assurance – Levels – Maintenance Issues – Levels of Test – Testing plan – Designing test data – System control – Documentation : Characteristics – Types of Documentation – Need for documentation – Tools – System Implementation  Conversion methods – Post Implementation Review – Review Plan – System Maintenance – MIS : Concept – Overview of Computing, Communication and Database technologies – DSS – Knowledge based system – Impact of MIS – Building MIS : Techniques

 Block 4  :  Emerging Trends – Attributes of a Good Analyst – Organisational Issues – Communicating with Computers – Ergonomics – Human problems in Automated office -  Multimedia : Introduction – Components of Multimedia – Hardware and Software requirements – Simple case studies : Information system planning – Evaluation and Selection of a system.

 Reference Books:

 1.      Systems Analysis and Design by James. A. Senn

2.      Systems Analysis and Design by Elias M. Award.

 PGDCA  04  Introduction to Database Management System

 Block 1  :  DBMS concepts : Introduction – Basics of Database – Three views of Data – Three level architecture of DBMS – Facilities – Elements of DBMS – Advantages and disadvantages – Database Models : File Management system and its drawbacks – Database Models : E-R Model, Hierarchical Model, Network Model, Relational Model.

 Block 2  :  File Organization : Introduction – Methods of File Organization – Sequential, Direct, Index Sequential – Multi Key file organization – Management Considerations : Objectives – Conversion – Evaluation of DBMS – Administration of DBMS.

 Block 3  :  RDBMS and DDBMS :  Introduction – Relational Model – Concept – Definition of a relation – Relational algebra and relational completeness – Normalization : Objectives – Functional dependency – Anomalies in a database – Properties of Normalization – Various Normalization techniques – Examples of database design – SQL : Types of SQL commands – Data definition – Data Manipulation statements – Distributed Databases : Structure of Distributed database – Design of Distributed database.

 Block 4  :  Trends in DBMS :  Objectives – Next generation Database – Application – Object Oriented system – Object Oriented DBMS – Pitfalls of RDBMS – Comparison of RDBMS and OODBMS – Client/Server Database :  Objective – Evolution – Client/Server computing – Critical Products – Knowledge base Management system : Objectives – Definition and importance of Knowledge – Difference of KBMS and DBMS.

 Reference Books :

 1.      Database System Concepts by Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan, McGraw Hill.

2.      An Introduction to Database systems by Bibin C. Desai, Galgotia Publications.

 PGDCA  05  Introduction to Computer  Organisation

 Block-1 :  Data Representation : Introduction – The Von Neumann Architecture – Generation of Computers – Data Representation : Decimal – Alphanumeric – Fixed – Decimal Fixed – Floating point – Error Detection and Correction codes – Instruction Execution.  Digital Logic Circuits – Introduction – Boolean Algebra – Logic Gates – Combinational Circuits – Sequential Circuits – Inter connection structures.

 Block-2 :  Pheripheral Devices : Memory Organization :  Introduction – various memory devices – Types of Random Access Memory – Types of Auxiliary memory – High Speed Memories : Cache Memory – Interleaved Memory – Associated Memory.  IO Organization : I/O Model – I/O Techniques – DMA – I/O processes – External Interface.

 Block-3  :  Instruction Set : Introduction – Characteristics – Addressing Modes – Instruction format – Examples.  Registers organization : Structure of CPU – Register Organization – Micro operation – ALU Organisation – Control Unit Organisation – Microprogrammed Control Unit – Microinstruction:  sequencing – Microinstruction Execution.

 Block –4 : Microprocessor and Assembly Language Programming : Introduction – Microcomputer architecture – CPU components – Instruction set – Introduction to Motorola 68000 microprocessor – Assembly Language : Introduction – Assembly language fundamentals – I/O services – Assembly language program development tools – Examples : COM programs – EXE programs – Simple assembly language programs – Programming with loops and strings – Arrays – Modular program – Interface to high level program – Interrupts.

 Reference Books :

 Mano M.Morris, Computer System Architecture, Third edition, Prentice Hall of India (1983)

Hayes,John.P, Computer Architecture and Organisation, Second edition, McGraw Hill International editions, 1988

Doughlas V.Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing – Programming and Hardware- McGraw Hill, 1986

 PGDCA 06   Introduction to Software Engineering

 Block 1 : Software Engineering Concept : Definition – Software Product – Components  and characteristics – Phases in Software development – Software Process Models: Linear Sequential – Prototyping – RAD – Spiral – Incremental – Formal methods – Fourth generation techniques.

 Block 2 : Project Management Concepts : People – Product – Process – Project Development Team Structures -  Software Crisis – Role of System Analyst – Project planning and control : Planning objectives – Software scope – Resources – Project Estimation – Decomposition Techniques – Estimation Models – Project standards – Outsourcing – Risk Management : Risk – Identification – Projection – Refinement – Mitigation.

 Blcok 3 : Project Scheduling and Tracking : Basic concepts – Defining task set for the software project – Scheduling Plan – Software Quality Assurance : Quality concepts – Quality Assurance Activities – Software Reviews – Formal Technical Reviews – Software Reliability – ISO 9000 quality standards – Software Configuration management.

 Block 4 : Software Analysis, Design and Testing : Analysis concepts and principles – Software prototyping – Specification Modeling and Information flow – Behavioural Modeling – Design Concepts and principles – Modular design – Architectural design and process – User Interface design – Software Testing : Principles – Test case design – White Box test – Block box testing – Testing Strategies : Unit – Integration – Validation – System – Art of debugging – Case study.

 Reference Books :

 1.                  Software Engineering Practitioner’s Approach by Roger S. Pressman

2.                  Software Engineering Concepts by Richard and Fairlay

3.                  An integrated approach to Software Engineering by Pankaj Jalote

PGDCA 07   C++ and Object Oriented Programming

Block-1 : C++ Fundamentals : Object Oriented Programming  - Programming Paradigms – Benefits and Concepts – Advanced Concepts – OOP languages – Overview of C++ - Structure of a C++ Program – Header Files - Keywords – Tokens and Identifiers – Compiling – Running C++ programs - Constants and Variables: Data Types – Integer – Float – Char – Double – Pointer – Variable and Constant declarations – Macro definitions – Reference variables – Complex variables – Type conversions – Type casting – Storage classes : auto, register, static, extern - Input and Output:  Stream I/O –  I/O Manipulators – Creating I/O manipulators – IOS flags – Stream buffer class hierarchy

Block-2 : Programming Constructs : Operators: Arithmetic – Relational – Logical – Assignment – Pre and Post Increment & Decrement – Bitwise – Scope Resolution :: operator –  ?(conditional) – Value operator – Member operator – Indirection operator – new and delete operator – Precedence rules – Control structures: if – else – if elseif ladder – switch case -  Iterative constructs - Loops – for loop – while loop – do while loop – Initialisation – exit condition – increment/decrement for three loops compared – Nesting loops – Creating infinite loops – break and continue statements – goto statement and labels

Block-3 : Data Structures : Arrays: Single Dimensional arrays - Declaration – Initialization – Multi-Dimensional arrays – Declaration – Initialization – Addressing method – Subscripts – Character arrays – Initialization – Null Character –  Multi-dimensional character arrays – Structures: – Declaration – Definition – Bitfields – Array of structures – Structure containing  arrays – Pointer to structures –  Structures versus unions – Ananymous unions

Block – 4 : Structured and Object Oriented Programming : Functions: Structured Programming – Function definition & declaration – Parameters – Arguments – Return Values – void – Call by value parameters – Call by reference parameters – Passing arrays – Passing structures – Passing a function to another function – Pointer to function – Recursive function – Classes : and Objects – Visibility Labels – private, public and protected – Data members – Member functions –  Object declaration and accessing members – Passing objects to functions – Returning objects – Constructor function – Destructor function – friend functions – static data and function members – Inline functions versus macros – Overloading: Compile-Time Polymorphism – Function overloading – Rules for function overloading – Operator overloading – rules for operator overloading -   Function templates – Class templates – Extensibility – Reusability – Inheritance – Run-Time Polymorphism – Virtual functions – Files: fstream header file - text and binary files creation and access – random access in files – storing objects in files – command-line arguments to main() function – Exception handling – Unified Modeling Language (UML) – Context Diagrams

Reference Books :

1.      The C++ programming language, Bjarne Stroustrup, Pearson publications.

2.      Object Oriented Programming in C++ by N.Barkakati, PHI.

PGDCA 08  Theory of Computer Science

Block 1 : Set, Relations and Functions : Sets – Notation and description of sets – subsets – operations on sets – Properties of set operations – Relations : Representation of a relation – Operations on Relations – Equivalence Relation Partitions and Equivalence Classes. Functions : Definition – One to one – Onto functions – Special type of functions – Invertible and composition of functions.

Block 2 : Logic : Introduction – Connectives – Statements : Atomic – Compound – Well formed – Truth Table – Tautology – Tautological implications and equivalence of formulae – Replacement Process – Normal forms – Principal Normal forms – Theory of Inference – Quantifiers – Theory of Inference for Propositional and predicate calculus.

Block 3 : Finite Automata and Languages : Definition – Representation of FA – Languages Accepted by FA -  Non-deterministic Finite Automata – Regular Sets – Phase structure grammar – Context free grammar – Context free language – Finite Automata and regular languages – Turing Machines – Techniques for Turing Machine construction

Block 4 : Graph theory : Basic concepts – definition – paths – reach – ability and connectedness – matrix representation of graphs – trees.

Reference Books:

1.   Discrete mathematical structures with applications to computer science by

      J.P.Tremblay and R.Manohar, McGraw Hill.

2.      Discrete Mathematics by M.K.Venkatraman, N.Sridharan and N.Chandrasekaran.

National publishing company, 2000.

PGDCA Lab - 1: Data Structure through ’C’

PGDCA Lab - 2: C++ and Object Oriented Programming